- \n
- Install Nginx<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
- Through Apt <\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
- Through Official Repository<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
- Configuring Nginx<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
- Removing Nginx<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
- Conclusion<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/a>How to install Nginx in Debian 12 <\/strong><\/h2>\n
Nginx uses an event-driven architecture which enables it to process multiple requests in a single process without blocking any of the input and output operations. At present, there are two versions of Nginx available officially, one is mainline while the other is stable so in this guide, we will install the mainline version. Like every application, Nginx on Debian 12 can be installed in two ways, one through an advanced packaging tool and the other by using its official repository:<\/p>\n
<\/a>Method 1: Through the Default Repository<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Usually, all the applications that support the Debian distribution of Linux are available in its default repository but the main drawback of it is that sometimes the version of the application is quite old. To install Nginx through the advanced packaging tool on Debian 12 execute:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> apt-get install<\/span> nginx -y<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-1.png\")
<\/p>\nOnce the Nginx web server application is installed, verify it by finding its version and for that execute the version command like this:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> nginx -v<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-2.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/a>Method 2: Through the Official Nginx Repository<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Another way to install Nginx on Debian is by using its official repository and here for installation I have installed the mainline version as it is relatively stable to use. Using a repository for the installation of an application on Debian can be fruitful as it may have a more latest version, so here are some steps to install Nginx from its official repository on Debian:<\/p>\n
Step 1: Setting up the Official Nginx Repository<\/strong><\/h3>\n
To step up the Nginx repository some prerequisites are to be installed which include curl gnupg2, ca-certificates, lsb-release, and debian-archive-keyring. So to install them execute:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> apt install<\/span> curl gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release debian-archive-keyring -y<\/span><\/div><\/div>\nTo further elaborate on the command above here are the purposes of the following prerequisites that are to be installed:<\/p>\n
- \n
- curl<\/strong> is a tool for transferring data from or to a server, using various protocols. It is used to fetch the Nginx signing key from its website.<\/li>\n
- gnupg2<\/strong> is a software used to validate the authenticity of the Nginx signing key.<\/li>\n
- ca-certificates<\/strong> is a package that contains the certificates that are trusted by Debian and are used to establish secure connections with the Nginx website and repository.<\/li>\n
- lsb-release<\/strong> is a package that provides information about the Linux Standard Base (LSB) and the specific distribution. It is used to determine the codename of the Debian version, such as bullseye or bookworm.<\/li>\n
- debian-archive-keyring <\/strong>is a package that contains the GnuPG keys of the Debian archive. It is used to validate the integrity of the Debian packages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-3.png\")
<\/p>\nStep 2: Download the Nginx Signing Key <\/strong><\/h3>\n
Now use curl tool to download the singing key from the official website and afterward save that key to the Debian archive for keys used to validate the integrity of packages:<\/p>\n
curl https:\/\/<\/span>nginx.org\/<\/span>keys\/<\/span>nginx_signing.key |<\/span> gpg --dearmor<\/span> \\
\n
\n<<\/span>strong><\/span> |<\/span> sudo<\/span> tee<\/span> \/<\/span>usr\/<\/span>share\/<\/span>keyrings\/<\/span>nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >\/<\/span>dev\/<\/span>null<\/div><\/div>\nHere I have combined both of the commands by using pipe:<\/strong><\/p>\n
![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-4.png\")
<\/p>\nOnce the key is saved, verify it by trying a dry run and if it is saved successfully then it will display the key in its output:<\/p>\n
gpg --dry-run<\/span> --quiet<\/span> --no-keyring<\/span> --import<\/span> --import-options<\/span> import-show \/<\/span>usr\/<\/span>share\/<\/span>keyrings\/<\/span>nginx-archive-keyring.gpg<\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-5.png\")
<\/p>\nStep 3: Add the Nginx Official Repository <\/strong><\/h3>\n
Now download the official repository and then save it directly to nginx.list file which is in the sources list directory of Debian:<\/p>\n
echo<\/span> "deb [signed-by=\/usr\/share\/keyrings\/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg] \\ http:\/\/nginx.org\/packages\/debian `lsb_release -cs`<\/span> nginx"<\/span> \\ |<\/span> sudo<\/span> tee<\/span> \/<\/span>etc\/<\/span>apt\/<\/span>sources.list.d\/<\/span>nginx.list<\/div><\/div>\nHere Both commands are piped and are executed simultaneously using a pipe, the echo command is just used for displaying the output:<\/p>\n
![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-6.png\")
<\/p>\nNow set the priority for the Nginx packages by creating a priority file and here the priority is set based on the package version, its origin, its release and assigns the priority of 900 to the preferred packages:<\/p>\n
echo<\/span> -e<\/span> "Package: *\\n<\/span>Pin: origin nginx.org\\n<\/span>Pin: release o=nginx\\n<\/span>Pin-Priority: 900\\n<\/span>"<\/span> \\ |<\/span> sudo<\/span> tee<\/span> \/<\/span>etc\/<\/span>apt\/<\/span>preferences.d\/<\/span>99nginx<\/div><\/div>\nThe purpose of this priority is to prefer Nginx packages first that are from the official repository.<\/p>\n
![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-7.png\")
<\/p>\nStep 4: Install Nginx on Debian Using Official Repository<\/strong><\/h3>\n
After setting up the Nginx official repository update the apt packages list so that the Nginx repository can be added to it and then install Nginx:<\/p>\n
Sudo apt install<\/span> nginx -y<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-8.png\")
<\/p>\nOnce this web server is installed successfully start it and then verify the connection by sending a head request:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> nginx
\n
\n<<\/span>strong><\/span>curl -I<\/span> 127.0.0.1<\/div><\/div>\nIn return, if you receive the details about the server then it means that the server is up and running:<\/strong><\/p>\n
![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-9.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/a>Configuring Nginx on Debian 12 <\/strong><\/h2>\n
To make Nginx work properly it is necessary to configure it which includes allowing it through the firewall and setting its port. By default, there is no firewall installed on Debian so if you haven\u2019t installed previously then execute:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> apt install<\/span> ufw -y<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-10.png\")
<\/p>\nOnce the firewall is installed enable it as by default it is not enabled, in that case, execute:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> ufw enable<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-11.png\")
<\/p>\nOnce you have enabled the firewall to verify it by checking its status and for that purpose execute:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> ufw status<\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-12.png\")
<\/p>\nNow allow port 80 from the firewall as it will be used by the Nginx web server, the port 80 is the default port for the Debian system for HTTP:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> ufw allow 80<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-13.png\")
<\/p>\nNow allow the Nginx HTTP if you are using port 80 and if you are using port 40 then allow the Nginx HTTPS:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> ufw allow \u2018Nginx HTTP\u2019<\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-14.png\")
<\/p>\nAfter adding the rules check for the firewall status usually it adds the rules, but there can be some exceptions. Next, check the firewall service status:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> systemctl status nginx<\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-15.png\")
<\/p>\nIf the firewall is inactive then use the start command to activate it and afterward check its status:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> systemctl start nginx<\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-16.png\")
<\/p>\nNow you are all set, to see if the default Nginx page is running just enter your local host address in your browser:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/<\/span> <<\/span> Server-Ip-address><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-17.png\")
<\/p>\nNote:<\/strong> To create a custom website server using Nginx sometimes the folders like sites-enabled and sites-available are not created by default so in that case you have to create them by yourself:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> mkdir<\/span> \/<\/span>etc\/<\/span>nginx\/<\/span>sites-available
\n
\nsudo<\/span> mkdir<\/span> \/<\/span>etc\/<\/span>nginx\/<\/span>sites-enabled<\/div><\/div>\n
\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-18.png\")
<\/strong><\/p>\nNext, add the path for the sites-enable directory in the configuration file for EngineX so that the website you are creating can be enabled:<\/p>\n
include \/<\/span>etc\/<\/span>nginx\/<\/span>sites-enabled\/*<\/span>;<\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-19.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/a>Remove Nginx from Debian 12 <\/strong><\/h2>\n
To remove the Nginx from Debian in case you installed it through the default package manager then execute:<\/p>\n
sudo<\/span> apt remove --autoremove<\/span> nginx -y<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-20.png\")
<\/p>\nIf you have installed Nginx through its official repository, then use the purge command as it will completely remove the Nginx from Debian:<\/p>\n
- gnupg2<\/strong> is a software used to validate the authenticity of the Nginx signing key.<\/li>\n
- Through Apt <\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n
![](\"http:\/\/linuxways.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/word-image-23321-21.png\")
<\/p>\n